The Gerund. Identify the appropriate form. a) Joe challenged his brother to kick/ kicking the ball out of the window b

school.

a) Joe challenged his brother to kick/kicking the ball out of the window.
In this sentence, the appropriate form is «to kick». Even though «kicking» is a verb form (gerund), in this case, it functions as the object of the verb «to challenge». Joe is challenging his brother to perform the action of kicking the ball out of the window.

b) I used to spend a lot of time to worry/worrying about the future.
In this sentence, the appropriate form is «worrying». The verb «to spend» is followed by a direct object «a lot of time», and after that, an infinitive verb is needed. So the correct form would be «to worry». «To worry» is an infinitive, not a gerund form.

c) Gina attempted to open/opening the door, but it appeared to be stuck.
In this sentence, the appropriate form is «to open». Similar to the previous sentence, the verb «to attempt» is followed by an infinitive verb «to open». Gina attempted to perform the action of opening the door.

d) Throughout the night, people continued to bang/banging car doors outside in the street.
In this sentence, the appropriate form is «banging». The verb «to continue» is followed by an infinitive verb. People continued the action of banging car doors outside in the street.

e) I recall to appear/appearing in the Christmas play when I was in primary school.
In this sentence, the appropriate form is «appearing». The verb «to recall» is followed by a gerund form «appearing». «Appearing» acts as the object of the verb «to recall», indicating the action of being in the Christmas play.