a) Cars that are good for the environment b) The phenomenon of the Earth getting hotter and hotter c) Continuously

a) Cars that are good for the environment:
Cars that are good for the environment are designed to have a minimal negative impact on the environment. They typically produce lower emissions and have higher fuel efficiency compared to traditional cars. This means they release fewer harmful pollutants into the air, reducing air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Environmentally friendly cars may use alternative fuels, such as electricity or hydrogen, instead of fossil fuels. They may also be equipped with advanced technologies like hybrid engines or electric motors to achieve better energy efficiency.

b) The phenomenon of the Earth getting hotter and hotter:
The phenomenon of the Earth getting hotter and hotter is called global warming. It refers to the gradual increase in the average temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere and oceans. This increase in temperature is primarily caused by the buildup of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide. Human activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels like coal and oil, release large amounts of greenhouse gases into the air, leading to an enhanced greenhouse effect. This phenomenon disrupts the natural balance of the Earth’s climate system and contributes to various negative impacts, including rising sea levels, more frequent and intense heatwaves, and changes in weather patterns.

c) Continuously increasing:
When something is described as continuously increasing, it means that it consistently and steadily grows over time without any interruptions or decreases. This indicates a gradual and ongoing progress or expansion. For example, if we say that the population of a city is continuously increasing, it means that the number of people living in that city is getting larger year after year, without any significant declines or breaks in the trend.

d) Have faced difficulties or challenges:
When something has faced difficulties or challenges, it means that it has encountered obstacles or problems that made achieving its goals or tasks more difficult. Difficulties or challenges may come in various forms, such as obstacles to overcome, problems to solve, or limitations to navigate. For example, a business starting in a competitive market may face difficulties in establishing its presence and attracting customers. Similarly, a student studying for an exam might encounter challenges in understanding complex concepts or managing time effectively.

e) Fuel that comes from dead plants and animals:
Fuel that comes from dead plants and animals is known as fossil fuel. Fossil fuels are formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals that lived millions of years ago. Over time, these organic materials were subjected to heat and pressure, transforming into substances like coal, oil, and natural gas. Fossil fuels are non-renewable resources, meaning they are finite in quantity and take millions of years to form. They are currently the primary source of energy for various sectors, including transportation, electricity generation, and industrial processes.

f) A type of engine that runs on electricity:
A type of engine that runs on electricity is called an electric engine or electric motor. Electric engines use electricity as their primary source of power to generate mechanical energy. These engines typically consist of a rotor (moving part) and a stator (stationary part) within a magnetic field. When an electric current is applied to the motor, it creates a magnetic field that interacts with the rotor, causing it to rotate and produce mechanical work. Electric engines are commonly used in electric vehicles, appliances, and industrial machinery.

g) Disadvantages or negative aspects:
Disadvantages or negative aspects refer to the downsides, drawbacks, or unfavorable characteristics of a particular topic or situation. When discussing the disadvantages, it is important to consider the negative effects, limitations, or challenges associated with it. For example, when evaluating the use of fossil fuels as a source of energy, some disadvantages may include air pollution, contribution to global warming, depletion of finite resources, and reliance on geopolitically unstable regions for their supply.

h) A type of car that combines different fuel sources:
A type of car that combines different fuel sources is called a hybrid car. Hybrid cars typically have both an internal combustion engine (running on gasoline or diesel) and an electric motor. These cars are designed to work together, allowing the vehicle to run on both gasoline and electricity or a combination of both. The electric motor assists the internal combustion engine during acceleration or when extra power is needed, helping to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions. Hybrid cars are considered a transitional technology between traditional gasoline-powered vehicles and fully electric vehicles.

i) Will never require recharging:
When something will never require recharging, it means that it does not need to be charged or replenished with energy from an external source. In the context of technology, this may imply a device or system that can operate continuously without the need for recharging or refueling. For example, a perpetual motion machine is a hypothetical device that produces energy without any external input and can operate indefinitely without recharging. However, it is important to note that perpetual motion machines do not exist in reality due to the laws of thermodynamics, which state that energy cannot be created from nothing.

j) Material made from carbon atoms arranged in a:
A material made from carbon atoms arranged in a specific pattern or structure is called a carbon-based material or carbon allotrope. Carbon atoms can form various structures, leading to the creation of different materials with distinct properties. Some common carbon allotropes include diamond, graphite, and fullerenes (such as buckminsterfullerene or C60). Each of these materials has unique characteristics due to the arrangement of carbon atoms. For example, diamond is a hard and transparent material, while graphite is soft and conducts electricity. Fullerenes have a spherical or tube-like shape and possess interesting properties for applications in nanotechnology and materials science.